ADHD

What is ADHD?

ADHD (Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders observed in childhood. This disorder is frequently first diagnosed in childhood, but can persist throughout adolescence and adulthood. Those with ADHD may encounter challenges in maintaining focus, managing impulse control, and may exhibit increased levels of hyperactivity.

What are the different types of ADHD?

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

In this type, individuals primarily struggle with inattention. They may have difficulty sustaining focus, following through on tasks, organizing activities, and often seem forgetful when it comes to daily responsibilities.

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation

This type is marked by predominantly hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. Individuals with this presentation may find it challenging to sit still, remain patient, or think before acting. They often act quickly without considering consequences.

Combined Presentation

This type involves a combination of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

What causes ADHD?

The exact causes of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) are not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Here are some key factors associated with the development of ADHD:

Genetics: Family history plays a significant role in the development of ADHD. Research has shown that the disorder tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Specific genes related to neurotransmitter regulation and brain development are thought to be involved.

Brain Injury: Brain injuries can affect various brain functions, including attention, impulse control, and executive functioning, which are also associated with ADHD.


Prenatal and Early Life Factors: Certain prenatal and early life factors may contribute to the development of ADHD. These include maternal smoking during pregnancy, exposure to environmental toxins like lead, premature birth, low birth weight, and complications during birth.

How is ADHD treated?

In most cases, ADHD is best treated with a combination of therapy and medication.

  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Develop better coping strategies, improve time management, organization, and problem-solving skills, and address emotional regulation issues.

  • Behavioral Parent Training: Parents learn strategies to manage and modify their child/teen’s behavior, provide structure, and reinforce positive behaviors at home.

  • Emotional and Stress Management: Learning stress-reduction techniques, mindfulness, and emotional regulation skills can help manage emotional responses and improve overall well-being.

  • Social Skills Training: Develop better interpersonal skills, manage relationships, and improve communication.

  • Organization Skills Training: Teaching individuals effective techniques for managing their time, tasks, and environments.